Define pica12/21/2023 Conversely, it has been suggested that micronutrient deficiencies cause humans to seek out minerals from non-food substances ( Cavdar et al., 1983 Hunter, 1973 Prasad et al. These materials may also absorb micronutrients in ingested food, preventing them from being metabolized ( Cavdar et al., 1983). Pica materials may bind to the mucosal layer of the gut, thereby preventing absorption of micronutrients ( Hunter, 1973). There are two mechanisms by which pica may cause these deficiencies. Pica behavior is sometimes, but not always, found in conjunction with micronutrient deficiencies, and the direction of this relationship is not well understood ( Young et al., 2010 Young et al., 2011). In the United States, reported prevalence of pica behaviors has ranged from 4.0% among men and women at an outpatient weight loss clinic ( Delaney et al., 2014) to 68% among pregnant women ( Horner et al., 1991) to 18.5% among children ( Barltrop 1966). Pica was first described in 400 BCE by Hippocrates ( Hippocrates, 1839), and has since been observed in human populations worldwide ( Anell and Lagercrantz, 1958 Laufer, 1930) and in hundreds of non-human animal species ( Krishnamani and Mahaney, 2000 Young et al., 2011). It includes geophagy (consumption of earth), amylophagy (consumption of raw starch), pagophagy (consumption of ice), and other forms of non-food consumption. Pica is the craving and purposeful consumption of non-food substances ( Young et al., 2010).
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